= = = Definition Type B = = =
Note B2: Modifiers following the word (or phrase) that they modified.
6. A person or machine that is accurate is able to work without making a mistake. (The car’s steering is accurate, and the brakes are powerful.)
7. Something that is enjoyable gives you pleasure. (The movie was much more enjoyable than I expected.)
8. Something that is holy is connected with God or a particular religion. (This is a holy place.)
9. Something that is vast is extremely large. (
10. A situation that exists at present exists now. (At present, we do not know the cause of the disease.)
Note B3: An alternative: Modifiers treated or regarded or dealt with as [describing] words in English
11. Sometimes means on some occasions rather than all the time. (I sometimes sit out in the garden and read. Sometimes he’s a little rude.)
12. Quite means completely. (I’ve not quite finished my project. My position is quite different.)
13. Quite means very but not extremely. (I felt quite bad about it at the time. I knew her mother quite well. Our house is quite a long way from the city.)
Note B4: Another alternative: An adjective (or adverb) properly compared; or contrasted with another adjective (or adverb)
(Examples are not found in Collins COBUILD Illustrated Dictionary of American English.)
14. Female is the opposite of male.
15. Slow is not fast.
16. Wrong is not right or correct.
= = = Definition Type C = = =
Note C1: The “if” clause – used to explain the meanings of some English modifiers
1. If something is simple, it has all the basic things it needs, but nothing more. (He ate a simple dinner of rice and beans. Amanda was wearing a simple black silk dress.)
2. If something is simple, it is easy to understand. (The recipes in the book are simple and easy to follow. Just follow the simple instructions below.)
3. If a person is open, they are honest about their thoughts and feelings. (He was always open with her.)
4. If you are open to suggestions or ideas, you are ready and willing to consider or accept them. (We are always open to suggestions.)
5. If an activity is over, it is completely finished. (The war is over. I am glad it’s all over.)
Note C2: The “if” clause – used to show the usage of a preposition (or adverb) in English
6. If a person or a thing is under something, they are below it. (There are hundreds of tunnels under the ground. The two girls were sitting under a tree. There was a big splash and she disappeared under the water.)
7. If one thing is over another thing, it covers part or all of it. (He lay down and pulled the blanket over himself.)
8. If one thing is over another thing, the first thing is directly above or higher than the second thing. (There was a gold mirror over the fireplace.)
9. If something turns over, its position changes so that the part that was facing up is now facing down. (His car rolled over on an icy road.)
10. If something is upside down, the part that is usually at the bottom is at the top. (The painting was hanging upside down.)
Note C3: Most of the English verbs (including the two-word phrasal verbs) can be explained (or defined) by using the “if” clause.
[Examples of intransitive verbs]
11. If it is drizzling, it is raining very lightly.
12. If you fly somewhere, you travel there in an aircraft. (Jerry flew to
13. If you live in a particular place, your home is there.
14. If an animal lives on a particular food, it eats this type of food. (Sheep live mainly on grass.)
15. If someone keeps in a particular state or place, they remain in it.
[Examples of transitive verbs]
16. If you explore a place, you travel around it to find out what it is like. (The best way to explore the area is in a boat.)
17. If you Google information, you search for it on the Internet using Google. (We googled her name, and found her website.)
18. If you define something, you say clearly what it is and what it means. (The government defines a household as “a group of people who live in the same house.”)
19. If you love something, you like it very much.
20. If you love someone, you care very much about them, or you have strong romantic feelings for them.
[Examples of various types of phrasal verbs]
21. If you keep something up, you continue to do it. (I could not keep the diet up for longer than a month.)
22. If you keep up with someone or something, you move as fast as they do so that you are moving together. (Sam walked faster to keep up with his father.)
23. If you carry on doing something, you continue to do it. (The teacher carried on talking.)
24. If you carry something out, you do it. (They carried out tests in the laboratory.)
25. If you often think about something that you would like, you can say that you dream of it. (She dreamed of becoming an actress.)
Note C4: In English, nouns are sometimes used to express or mean actions; that is, what a verb means. For example, “Have a look at me!” means the same as “Look at me!”
26. If you have respect for someone or something, you have a good opinion of them, and you consider them to be important. (I have great respect for Tom. You should show respect for people’s rights.)
27. In a fight or contest, if one person plays cat and mouse, or a game of cat and mouse, with the other, the first person tries to confuse or deceive the second in order to defeat them.
= = = Definition Type D = = =
Note D: The “when” clause – Mostly used for explaining the meanings of verbs
Continued on the next page.
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